The emergence and rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) promises to revolutionize the way humans lead their lives by connecting all the devices that we possibly use to a common network, the Internet. Some of these devices include sensors, home appliances, health monitoring devices, and any device that produces quantifiable data. This concept has given birth to unlimited application areas that use the interactions between humans and devices to build inferences and make predictions for improving the quality of life and optimizing the use of existing resources. A recent survey of McKinsey has shown that the number of deployed IoT devices is expected to reach one trillion by 2025. Moreover, the economic impact of this technology on the world economy can be assessed from the fact that it is expected to capture 11% of the same by the end of 2025. With that said, Internet of Things, as a technological paradigm, suffers from several challenges that must be addressed before its vision can be realized. Some of the evident challenges include identification and development of architectures that can meet the scalability requirements of the IoT ecosystem. Data and resource management along with the need to maintain the security and privacy of the system also remain prevalent, in addition to several others. All the devices that fall under the umbrella of the Internet of Things are commonly referred to as smart devices. Therefore, the concept of IoT acquires and integrates data from these smart devices. Furthermore, this data is stored and processed to generate useful analytics. The vision of IoT is to visualize the world as a collection of connected entities. The most obvious application of such a paradigm is smart city as the connected nature of the city is expected to make resource management simpler. Among other applications of IoT, healthcare and infrastructure management are frontrunners because of their need for real-time solutions in critical scenarios. In addition, there are a plethora of applications that can be developed and commercialized for human use. The objective of this book is to explore the concepts and applications related to the Internet of Things with the vision to identify and address existing challenges. Besides this, it shall also provide future research directions in this domain. This book is meant for students, practitioners, industry professionals, researchers, and vi faculty working in the field of Internet of Things and its integration with other technologies to develop integrated, comprehensive solutions to real-life problems. Part I introduces the basic concept of the Internet of Things and provide an insight into other parts of the book and what they are expected to cover. In order to implement Internet of Things solutions, the architecture must support the specific requirements of such applications. These requirements include scalability, transition from closed platforms to open platforms, and designing of protocols for interaction at different levels. This part also covers the architectural issues and available solutions related to IoT. Once the architectural issues are discussed and elaborated upon, the next part is expected to cover the solutions available in this domain for elemental IoT processes like data and device management. The heart of the IoT ecosystem is a smart device and the programming framework that uses the data made available by the smart device to create useful insights. Part II covers components that allow development of solutions and applications using the IoT paradigm. The concept of the Internet of Things has just hit the shore. There are a number of challenges and limitations that need to be mitigated to make this technology workable and usable across diverse domains. Some of the identified challenges include security, robustness, reliability, privacy, identity management, and designing of management policies to ensure smooth functioning. Part III covers the different aspects of IoT challenges and devised solutions for the same. The emergence and growing popularity of the Internet of Things has given rise to the identification of many areas where it can be put to use. Some of the obvious applications of this paradigm include social computing, mobile computing, crowd sensing, and crowd sourcing. Part IV includes chapters that have implemented IoT to create applications for these domains. Smart cities is the most popular application of IoT and uses the same in conjunction with other technologies like cloud computing and big data. Smart cities is a large domain of applications that include domains like healthcare, logistics, manufacturing, and agriculture, in addition to many others. Part V includes chapters that explore the different facets of smart cities and solutions created for the same. Next-generation smart applications make use of many state-of-the-art technologies like machine learning, computer vision, and artificial intelligence in conjunction with the Internet of Things (IoT). Moreover, deep learning has also found many integrative applications with IoT. These applications are popularly termed as cognitive IoT applications and promise to serve a wide range of areas and domains like healthcare, logistics, smart cities, and supply chain, in addition to many others. Part VI elaborates on the concepts and applications related to cognitive IoT analytics and its applications. New Delhi, India Mansaf Alam Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Kashish Ara Shakil New Delhi, India Samiya Khan

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MansafAlam

KashishAraShakil

SamiyaKhan Editors

Internet

ofThings

(IoT)

Concepts and Applications

Mansaf Alam • Kashish Ara Shakil

Samiya Khan

Editors

Internet of Things (IoT)

Concepts andApplications

ISBN 978-3-030-37467-9 ISBN 978-3-030-37468-6 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37468-6

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of

the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,

broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information

storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology

now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication

does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant

protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book

are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the

editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any

errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional

claims in published maps and institutional afliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Editors

Mansaf Alam

Department of Computer Science

Jamia Millia Islamia

New Delhi, India

Samiya Khan

Department of Computer Science

Jamia Millia Islamia

New Delhi, India

Kashish Ara Shakil

College of Computer & Information Science

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman

University

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

v

Preface

The emergence and rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) promises to revolutionize the

way humans lead their lives by connecting all the devices that we possibly use to a

common network, the Internet. Some of these devices include sensors, home appli-

ances, health monitoring devices, and any device that produces quantiable data.

This concept has given birth to unlimited application areas that use the interactions

between humans and devices to build inferences and make predictions for improv-

ing the quality of life and optimizing the use of existing resources.

A recent survey of McKinsey has shown that the number of deployed IoT devices

is expected to reach one trillion by 2025. Moreover, the economic impact of this

technology on the world economy can be assessed from the fact that it is expected

to capture 11% of the same by the end of 2025. With that said, Internet of Things,

as a technological paradigm, suffers from several challenges that must be addressed

before its vision can be realized.

Some of the evident challenges include identication and development of archi-

tectures that can meet the scalability requirements of the IoT ecosystem. Data and

resource management along with the need to maintain the security and privacy of

the system also remain prevalent, in addition to several others. All the devices that

fall under the umbrella of the Internet of Things are commonly referred to as smart

devices. Therefore, the concept of IoT acquires and integrates data from these smart

devices. Furthermore, this data is stored and processed to generate useful analytics.

The vision of IoT is to visualize the world as a collection of connected entities.

The most obvious application of such a paradigm is smart city as the connected

nature of the city is expected to make resource management simpler. Among other

applications of IoT, healthcare and infrastructure management are frontrunners

because of their need for real-time solutions in critical scenarios. In addition, there

are a plethora of applications that can be developed and commercialized for

human use.

The objective of this book is to explore the concepts and applications related to

the Internet of Things with the vision to identify and address existing challenges.

Besides this, it shall also provide future research directions in this domain. This

book is meant for students, practitioners, industry professionals, researchers, and

vi

faculty working in the eld of Internet of Things and its integration with other tech-

nologies to develop integrated, comprehensive solutions to real-life problems.

Part I introduces the basic concept of the Internet of Things and provide an

insight into other parts of the book and what they are expected to cover. In order to

implement Internet of Things solutions, the architecture must support the specic

requirements of such applications. These requirements include scalability, transi-

tion from closed platforms to open platforms, and designing of protocols for inter-

action at different levels. This part also covers the architectural issues and available

solutions related to IoT.

Once the architectural issues are discussed and elaborated upon, the next part is

expected to cover the solutions available in this domain for elemental IoT processes

like data and device management. The heart of the IoT ecosystem is a smart device

and the programming framework that uses the data made available by the smart

device to create useful insights. Part II covers components that allow development

of solutions and applications using the IoT paradigm.

The concept of the Internet of Things has just hit the shore. There are a number

of challenges and limitations that need to be mitigated to make this technology

workable and usable across diverse domains. Some of the identied challenges

include security, robustness, reliability, privacy, identity management, and design-

ing of management policies to ensure smooth functioning. Part III covers the differ-

ent aspects of IoT challenges and devised solutions for the same.

The emergence and growing popularity of the Internet of Things has given rise to

the identication of many areas where it can be put to use. Some of the obvious

applications of this paradigm include social computing, mobile computing, crowd

sensing, and crowd sourcing. Part IV includes chapters that have implemented IoT

to create applications for these domains.

Smart cities is the most popular application of IoT and uses the same in conjunc-

tion with other technologies like cloud computing and big data. Smart cities is a

large domain of applications that include domains like healthcare, logistics, manu-

facturing, and agriculture, in addition to many others. Part V includes chapters that

explore the different facets of smart cities and solutions created for the same.

Next-generation smart applications make use of many state-of-the-art technolo-

gies like machine learning, computer vision, and articial intelligence in conjunc-

tion with the Internet of Things (IoT). Moreover, deep learning has also found many

integrative applications with IoT.These applications are popularly termed as cogni-

tive IoT applications and promise to serve a wide range of areas and domains like

healthcare, logistics, smart cities, and supply chain, in addition to many others. Part

VI elaborates on the concepts and applications related to cognitive IoT analytics and

its applications.

New Delhi, India MansafAlam

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia KashishAraShakil

New Delhi, India SamiyaKhan

Preface

vii

Acknowledgments

The making of this book is a long journey that required a lot of hard work, patience,

and persistence. We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to our families, friends,

colleagues, and well-wishers for their endless support throughout this journey.

We would particularly like to express our gratitude to Mr. A. P. Siddiqui,

Registrar, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, for his constant encouragement. We

would also like to thank Prof. Haroon Sajjad, Dr. Arshad Khan, Dr. Israr Ahmad, Dr.

Khalid Raza, and Mr. Abdul Aziz for their unconditional support. Besides, we owe

a deep sense of appreciation to other members of our research lab for their

cooperation.

Lastly, we wish to acknowledge and appreciate the Springer team for their con-

tinuous support throughout the entire process of publication. Our gratitude is

extended to the readers, who gave us their trust, and we hope this work guides and

inspires them.

MansafAlam

KashishAraShakil

SamiyaKhan

ix

Contents

Part I Internet of Things (IoT) Architecture

1 Foundation of IoT: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Zaheeruddin and Hina Gupta

2 Cloud Computing for IoT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Himani Tyagi and Rajendra Kumar

3 Open Service Platforms for IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Preeti Agarwal and Mansaf Alam

Part II Solutions and Enablers for IoT

4 Resource Management Techniques for Cloud-Based

IoT Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Syed Arshad Ali, Manzoor Ansari, and Mansaf Alam

5 Data Management for the Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Amrit Sahani, Ranjit Kumar, Suchismita Chinara, Anjali Kumari,

and Bina Patro

6 Machine Learning for IoT Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Ahmed Khattab and Nouran Youssry

7 Supervising Data Transmission Services Using Secure Cloud

Based Validation and Admittance Control Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Kamta Nath Mishra

Part III IoT Challenges and Issues

8 Tackling Jamming Attacks in IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

N. Ambika

9 Bioinspired Techniques for Data Security in IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

S. R. Mani Sekhar, G. M. Siddesh, Anjaneya Tiwari, and

Ankit Anand

x

10 A Chaos-Based Multi-level Dynamic Framework

for Image Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Sakshi Dhall, Saibal K. Pal, and Kapil Sharma

11 Privacy Challenges and Their Solutions in IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Nabeela Hasan, Akshay Chamoli, and Mansaf Alam

Part IV The IoT World of Applications

12 Mobile Computing and IoT: Radio Spectrum Requirement

for Timely and Reliable Message Delivery Over Internet

of Vehicles (IoVs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Elias Eze, Paul Sant, Sijing Zhang, Xiaohua Feng, Mitul Shukla,

Joy Eze, and Enjie Liu

13 Single Activity Recognition System: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

P. K. Nizar Banu and R. Kavitha

14 Deep Learning and IoT for Agricultural Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Disha Garg and Mansaf Alam

15 IoT for Crowd Sensing and Crowd Sourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Vinita Sharma

16 Smart Infrastructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Zameer Fatima, Lakshita Bhargava, and Alok Kumar

Part V IoT for Smart Cities

17 IoT Application for Smart Cities Data Storage and Processing

Based on Triangulation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Muzafer Sarač evi ć, Šemsudin Plojović, and Senad Bušatlić

18 Intelligent Environment Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Subha P. Eswaran

19 A Decade Survey on Internet of Things in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Ummesalma M, Rachana Subbaiah M, and Srinivas Narasegouda

20 Intelligent Healthcare Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Salman Basheer Ahmed and B. M. Jabarullah

21 Smart Car – Accident Detection and Notification

Using Amazon Alexa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Lakshay Grover, V. B. Kirubanand, and Joy Paulose

22 Prioritisation of Challenges Towards Development

of Smart Manufacturing Using BWM Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Shahbaz Khan, Mohd Imran Khan, and Abid Haleem

Contents

xi

Part VI Next Generation Smart Applications

23 Surveillance of Type –I & II Diabetic Subjects

on Physical Characteristics: IoT and Big Data Perspective

in Healthcare @NCR, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Rohit Rastogi, D. K. Chaturvedi, Santosh Satya, Navneet Arora,

Parul Singhal, and Mayank Gupta

24 Monitoring System Based in Wireless Sensor Network

for Precision Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Fekher Kheli

25 Securing E-Health IoT Data on Cloud Systems Using

Novel Extended Role Based Access Control Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Mamoon Rashid, Shabir Ahmad Parah, Aabid Rashid Wani,

and Sachin Kumar Gupta

26 An Efficient Approach towards Enhancing the Performance

of m-Health Using Sensor Networks and Cloud Technologies . . . . . . 491

Kamta Nath Mishra

27 Future Internet of Things (IOT) from Cloud Perspective:

Aspects, Applications and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Nahid Sami, Tabish Mufti, Shahab Saquib Sohail, Jamshed Siddiqui,

Deepak Kumar, and Neha

Contents

... In recent years, the IoT and its applications to many domains of our lives, such as healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation, have received a great deal of researchers' attention [10,11]. Although people with disabilities can also benefit from some of the advances stemming from that research, few studies have investigated whether IoT devices, and more specifically DVAs, have the potential to be increasingly beneficial for people with language-development challenges. ...

A significant therapeutic challenge for people with disabilities is the development of verbal and echoic skills. Digital voice assistants (DVAs), such as Amazon's Alexa, provide networked intelligence to billions of Internet-of-Things devices and have the potential to offer opportunities to people, such as those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to advance these necessary skills. Voice interfaces can enable children with ASD to practice such skills at home; however, it remains unclear whether DVAs can be as proficient as therapists in recognizing utterances by a developing speaker. We developed an Alexa-based skill called ASPECT to measure how well the DVA identified verbalization by autistic children. The participants, nine children diagnosed with ASD, each participated in 30 sessions focused on increasing vocalizations and echoic responses. Children interacted with ASPECT prompted by instructions from an Echo device. ASPECT was trained to recognize utterances and evaluate them as a therapist would—simultaneously, a therapist scored the child's responses. The study identified no significant difference between how ASPECT and the therapists scored participants; this conclusion held even when subsetting participants by a pre-treatment echoic skill assessment score. This indicates considerable potential for providing a continuum of therapeutic opportunities and reinforcement outside of clinical settings.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.